MATHEMATICAL
                              PROGRAMMING SYSTEMS
                                   III
                   Programmable Calculators

Little Aussie humour :

Consider the answer you might receive asking a 
grade-school child the question
 "What is 2 plus 2?" in each of the last five decades: 

in 1956
"4, of course"
in 1966
"3, but it's the method that's important"
in 1976
"just a second while I get out my calculator"
in 1986
"just a second while I launch 'Calculator' on my Mac"
in 1996
"just a second while I check the addition home page"

From: b.lavaring@nepean.uws.edu.au (Bryant Lavaring)

                                               MathPad

There are three kinds of mathematicians: those who can count, and those who can't.                                                   
--> Marcia Sward, Solomon A. Garfunkel, A. G. Howson ..., and possibly others. In: The American Math. Monthly  97(1990), p. 204 

Page: 
http://pubpages.unh.edu/~whd/MathPad

VERSION - UPDATE:  2.3.5 (05-08-95)                           

README:
"MathPad is a general purpose graphing scientific calculator. It uses text input rather than simulating buttons on a hand held calculator. This live scratchpad interface allows you to see and edit your entire calculation."

AUTHOR:
Mark Widholm
    
COPYRIGHT:
(c)1993-1995 by Mark Widholm

TYPE:
Freeware

INTERNET SITES:
Original site:
ftp://unhggs1.unh.edu/pub/mac/

Other sites:
ftp://archives.math.utk.edu/software/mac/calculus/MathPad/
ftp://archives.math.utk.edu/software/mac/graphingAids/MathPad/
ftp://archives.math.utk.edu/software/mac/linearAlgebra/MathPad/
ftp://archives.math.utk.edu/software/mac//miscellaneous/MathPad/
UMich

                                           NumberCrunch 

One may be a mathematician of the first rank without being able to compute. It is possible to be a great computer without having the slightest idea of mathematics.
--> Novalis

VERSION - UPDATE: 1.41 (03-13-90)

README:
" NumberCrunch is a scientific calculator which can
  •  compute  algebraic expressions,
  •  define variables and functions,
  •  graph functions and zoom in on them,
  •  save often used objects to disk,
and generally just crunch an awful lot of numbers."

AUTHOR:
Jim Mahoney 
    
COPYRIGHT:
(c) Jim Mahoney 

TYPE:
Freeware (manual: US  $17)

INTERNET SITES:
UMich
ftp://ftp.cc.utexas.edu/microlib/mac/desk_accessory/
ftp://archives.math.utk.edu/software/mac/miscellaneous/NumberCrunch/
ftp://archives.math.utk.edu/software/mac/precalculus/NumberCrunch/
ftp://archives.math.utk.edu/software/mac/collegeAlgebra/NumberCrunch/

                                   Programmable Calculator

The point about zero is that we do not need to use it in the operations of daily life. No one goes out to buy zero fish. It is in a way the most civilized of all the cardinals, and its use is only forced on us by the needs of cultivated modes of thought.
--> Alfred North Whitehead

Many zeroes make big numbers.
--> Greek graffiti.

The number of grains of sand on the beach at Coney Island is much less than a  googol - 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
--> Edward Kasner

VERSION - UPDATE:  3.0 ( Aug. 95)                           

README:
"• Programmable Calculator is a spin off from AxoGraph, a scientific graphics and data analysis program. A fully functional demonstration version of AxoGraph is available from Axon Instruments (http://www.axonet.com).
• Programmable Calculator is both a numerical calculator and a simple multi-language development environment. Programs can be written in Basic, Fortran, Pascal, or C. A program can be run directly from the source code editor, or it can be loaded into memory and its name appended to the Program menu. Frequently used programs can be saved in the "Drop-In Programs" folder and will be loaded and added to the menu each time Programmable Calculator is run. Programs can interact with the user via standard dialogs that are created with a single line of code."

AUTHOR:
John Clements
    
COPYRIGHT:
(c) Axon Instruments 1991-95

TYPE:
Freeware

INTERNET SITES:
Info-Mac
UMich

Other sites ( v. 1.1 as AxoCalculator):
Info-Mac
UMich

                                                  PCalc 

I do hate sums. There is no greater mistake than to call arithmetic an exact science. There are permutations and aberrations discernible to minds entirely noble like mine; subtle variations which ordinary accountants fail to discover; hidden laws of number which it requires a mind like mine to perceive. For instance, if you add a sum from the bottom up, and then from the top down, the result is always different.
--> Mrs La Touche.

VERSION - UPDATE:  1.0.2 (03-25-93)

README:
"PCalc is a neat simulation of a programmable scientific calculator."

AUTHOR:
James Thomson
    
COPYRIGHT:
(c) 1992-93 James Thomson

TYPE:
Freeware

INTERNET SITES:
Info-Mac
ftp://ftp.cc.utexas.edu/microlib/mac/desk_accessory/

                                          PicaCalculator 2

My son Andreas:
Adds political enemies.
Subtracts political friends.
Multiplies the problems of the Party.
Divides the Party.
--> Georgios Papandreou (late Greek Prime Minister) about his son Andreas Papandreou (former Greek Prime Minister).

VERSION - UPDATE: 2.3.1 (07-16-93) 

README:
"The PicaCalculator 2 is a programmable scientific calculator in a Macintosh desk accessory."

AUTHOR:
Jim Lewis
    
COPYRIGHT:
(c) Jim Lewis

TYPE:
Shareware: US $25

INTERNET SITES:
Info-Mac
UMich

                                                 SciCalc

Page:
http://www.hofstra.edu/~matsrc/

VERSION - UPDATE: 2.0b (March 96) 

README:
"SciCalc is a scientific/programmer's calculator; an RPN version, SciCalcRPN, is also available. I've labeled this version as beta software, which means that I have removed all the bugs I could find, have tested it on three different computers, and am waiting to hear what I've missed.."

AUTHOR:
Steve Costenoble
    
COPYRIGHT:
(c) JSteve Costenoble

TYPE:
Shareware: US $15

INTERNET SITES:
Info-Mac
               
                                                 RPN Plus

I shall be for ever grateful to my first teacher, Emma Goldberger, who taught me the three R's.
--> K. Popper : An Intellectual Autobiography. Unended Quest. Fontana, UK 1977, p. 12

When you 're young, when you're a kid, the "three R's" head up your list: readin', 'ritia and 'rithmetic.
--> B. Brant : Bob Brant's Best of Macintosh Shareware. Windcrest, USA 1993, p. 211

VERSION - UPDATE: 1.5 (08-06-93)

README:
"RPN Plus is primarily used to evaluate mathematical expressions and to help solve problems, from the trivially simple to the dauntingly complex.  It uses Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) logic in its calculations (with a four register X,Y,Z,T stack).  Optionally, numbers and many functions may be keyed in on the computer keyboard.  25 lines of output are displayed on the OP Button Screen."

AUTHOR:
William Shelton

COPYRIGHT:
(c) 1993  William Shelton

TYPE:
Freeware 

INTERNET SITES:
ftp://ftp.ari.net/pub/MacSciTech/math/